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Gender Bias and Women Welfare
Lack of access to clean water is only one way in which gender prejudices may negatively impact the lives of women and girls, as pointed out by Gunter and Van der Hoeven (2004). Gunter and Van der Hoeven (2004) point out that a lack of clean water may severely impact everyone, but women are disproportionately harmed. They said that in most nations, women are the ones who are tasked with going out and fetching water from far distant regions, as well as caring for ill family members and keeping up with the daily chores around the home. According to Gunter & Van Der Hoeven (2004), the monetary economy frequently overlooks women’s unpaid work in the home. Therefore, social and public spending cuts are seldom non-discriminatory across gender lines. According to Gunter and Van der Hoeven (2004), Privatization is harmful to women because of sexism in the workplace. According to Gunter and Van der Hoeven (2004), the public sector is generally the major employer that gives women a stable work situation; hence, when privatization occurs, women’s employment chances drop more than men’s and female job rise when compared to male losses. Additionally, it raises the percentage of women working in the informal economy, where they face more precarious and low-paying circumstances.
Hatem (1994) provides data from Egypt to demonstrate how privatization might influence women’s access to the labour force. Due to the constitution’s progressive gender equality provisions, women in Egypt now comprise half of the labour force. There was a dramatic change and reversal in trend following economic freedom and privatization followed by an IMF loan. Consequently, there are fewer public sector positions, and women’s labour faces stiff competition from males in the private sector. Women’s employment in Africa and Latin America increased when IMF privatization criteria were imposed in the 1990s, as confirmed by Çağatay & Ertürk (2004). In 1990, after adopting structural adjustment measures backed by the IMF, Zimbabwe saw a reduction of 30,000 full-time working women and an increase of 8,000 part-time workers, as reported by Riphenburg (1996). Although IMF conditionality has improved women’s employment in certain circumstances, according to Sadasivam (1997), Çağatay & Özler (1995), and Buchmann (1997), women’s economic rights have remained in threat. According to their analysis, this rise in women’s work is concentrated in the informal market or export sector, where most jobs require a high level of physical exertion for relatively little pay.
According to data that Krook and True (2012) provide, the number of women working in Kenya rose after the country received an IMF conditional loan. The Kenyan government developed EPZs, Export Industrial Zones, to address the severe unemployment that had resulted from the engagement of international financial institutions in the country. There has been a rise in the number of women working in the nation, but these women, who tend to be from rural areas, face several obstacles in the job, including sexual harassment, inadequate protections for workers’ health and safety, and mandatory overtime. It was also noted by True et al. (2012) that these women were afraid to disclose the abuse for fear of losing their jobs. Hence they seldom did. According to Detraz & Peksen (2016), the IMF is not to blame for the increased incidences of sexual harassment in the Kenya EPZs. However, IMF conditionality changes work patterns in ways that put governments in a tough position, which has a major impact on women’s economic rights.
In addition, as both Tutnjevic (2002a) and Elson (2004) point out, the larger workload carried by women is another reason why the current economic downturn has a more detrimental effect on women than on males. They claim that women end up providing for their families in impoverished nations because governments seldom do. In periods of reduced public expenditure and decreasing private revenues, women tend to labour more within and outside the home to make ends meet. However, since it is more difficult for them to enter the official sector, they often engage in female-type informal employment and spend long hours at home to replace expensive market items with home-produced alternatives. Women are also more likely to participate in community service projects, such as building communal kitchens. The emotional and psychological repercussions of financial difficulty are exacerbated in the case of women, according to Tutnjevic (2002b). Women and children are disproportionately affected by domestic violence because males take out their frustrations on them during this difficult economic time.
Seguino (2001) finds that public investments in physical infrastructure like bridges, highways, and telecommunications networks correlate directly with women’s unpaid labour and productivity. Increases in the quality of physical infrastructure, according to Seguino (2001), allow women to devote less time to unpaid labour and more to paid, productive employment. The health of mothers and their offspring might be indirectly affected by infrastructure projects, including the construction of hospitals and other medical services (Seguino, 2013). Following a similar line of thought, Elson (2013) found that reduced public investment seriously threatens female productivity. He elaborated on how these reductions place a disproportionate burden on women, noting how, for instance, when public health spending is reduced, patients can spend less time in hospitals and more time recovering at home. So women, as the primary caregivers in the family, end up taking care of the patient. Because of their increased caregiving responsibilities, workers experience lower productivity and increased absenteeism at their regular jobs and additional unpaid work.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the nature of loan economic conditions like privatization and public spending cuts can lead to an increase in the gap in gender equality as the number of such conditions rises. These cuts limit the government’s ability to protect women’s rights and stymie international and domestic efforts to close the gender gap. Increases in the economic conditions attached to an IMF loan are generally associated with widening gaps between the sexes. However, additional control variables and a longer period are required for definitive conclusions. The effects of IMF programs on gender equality and women’s rights are barely discussed in the available literature, which focuses instead on the effects of these policies on economic development, human rights, societal impacts, and financial crises. The impact of IMF conditionality on vulnerable populations, such as women, who often bear the brunt of post-loan reforms, needs further investigation.
Despite growing requests to acknowledge women’s contributions to economic growth (Elborgh-Woytek et al., 2013; Buvinic & King, 2007), IMF conditionality is worsening the problem. In contrast to the fund’s primary purpose, which is to promote economic stability in the borrowing nations, these negative effects on gender equality would lower the country’s prospects of attaining economic progress and good governance. The Fund has recently been paying increasing attention to fostering gender equality due to the realization that women’s contribution to economic growth falls well short of its potential. A gender perspective should be considered when making policy decisions and granting loans by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The organization’s loan terms should be updated to reflect this priority. As a result, not only will women’s rights be secured, but economic development will also be bolstered (Stotsky 2006 and Elborgh-Woytek et al. 2013). Thus, the presumption that women are disproportionately harmed by IMF conditionality is supported by the bulk of the data.

The marketing strategy for L’Oreal involves formulating a game plan that reaches all women, turning them into customers of cosmetic products. In this case, the strategy involves several steps to ensure that potential consumers are reached correctly (Xia et al., 2021). These steps include; targeting, media, and content. Targeting is the process of breaking the target audience into segments hence designing marketing trends that reach all segments. It involves dividing women into segments and formulating marketing trends that ensure all women have enjoyed the brand’s services.
Furthermore, the process involves dividing the women into various segments based on demographics. Through targeting, it is easier to identify the segments of women who are likely to purchase the cosmetic product L’Oreal (Fortunati et al., 2020). This process involves breaking the women’s groups into various segments depending on their demographic information, like geographical location, interests, hobbies, age, and previous purchasing history. In this case, women are targeted depending on their previous purchasing history, interest, and location. Therefore, it is easy to market L’Oreal cosmetics to many women since targeting identifies women living in the same place who have previously purchased cosmetic products from our company or other companies and are interested in using our product.
After identifying women living in the same place, it becomes easier to reach these customers and convince them to purchase L’Oreal from the company’s stock. Promotion is also used to capture the attention of the customers. This involves sending messages or calling the women and describing the importance of L’Oreal products (Xia et al., 2021). Media channels are also used to inform many women about the importance of L’Oreal cosmetics. Before using the media channels for the advertisement, it is ensured that they are reachable to all women. This process is conducted so that a company partner with media channels and draws a picture of the brand and its benefits to the user, showcasing it to customers. Predicting the most appropriate time to advertise the product is also essential. For instance, if the company uses TV channels as the source of advertisement, they are instructed to do it at a time when people are not busy. It could be done at night when people watch their televisions after working in daylight.
Content marketing strategy is also applied to ensure that women are engaged with the brand, attracted, and retained as loyal customers who can always purchase L’Oreal, the best cosmetic product worldwide. In order to maintain a strong trust with the women, the advertising channels provide the right information regarding the brand. For instance, relevant articles discussing the benefits and the cost-effectiveness of L’Oreal cosmetics are often sent to the clients via the media. Moreover, podcasts, videos, and other media ensure that the information provided to the women regarding L’Oreal is correct to ensure everything is clear. This approach promotes brand awareness, attracting many women worldwide to purchase this product.
Action Plan
In digital marketing, the action plan involves procedures applied by the company to develop and execute marketing strategies. The marketing plan consists of all tasks performed to meet the company’s objective. In this case, the company’s objective is to reach women on the ground and convince them to purchase L’Oreal cosmetics from the company (Tiscini et al., 2022). Various tasks are implemented to ensure that the company markets the product to women. The first is to identify a geographical location that is likely to contain many women interested in purchasing cosmetic products or who have previously purchased cosmetic products from other companies. After identifying women as the target audience, marketing channels are used for advertising the brand to women. While marketing, these channels ensure that information regarding L’Oreal reaches women.
Performing excellent branding is also essential since it enables women to distinguish it from other cosmetic brands. When the brand enters the market, women may identify it since it is well branded. The action plan involves several standard elements that facilitate achieving the set goals. The performance indicator is the main element of the action plan. These metrics are applied to measure the marketing campaign’s effectiveness and action plan. The campaign timeframe is another essential element of the action plan (Tiscini et al., 2022). This element consists of the deadlines for the completion of the tasks of marketing. The marketing budget is an important element in the action plan since it indicates the amount of money spent to complete digital marketing. In this case, it is used to evaluate the amount of money used to market L’Oreal and evaluate if the product is profitable.
Control Plan
After the action plan, the control plan is implemented to allow the advertisers to evaluate how the company performs with the strategies and the goals detailed in the marketing action plan. In this case, the control plan is applied when advertising L’Oreal cosmetics to women since it ensures all the goals detailed in the action plan are achieved (Aguiar et al., 2022). Through the control plan, the company reviews its previous performance, determining areas that need improvement. Therefore, the company improves its strategies, ensuring that considerable profits are generated, and trust between the company and its customers is highly maintained.
In conclusion, a digital marketing plan is an essential tool that facilitates a huge sales volume. Companies should formulate strategic plans that would facilitate identifying appropriate audiences hence marketing a brand to them. While marketing the L’Oreal cosmetic, it is important to consider situational analysis, objectives, tactics, strategy, and the control plan. For instance, situational analysis is used in determining the effective methodology to apply in order to improve the competitive advantage of the brand. The objectives help the team to work hard towards meeting marketing goals. Marketing strategy is essential since it helps the team to formulate a game plan that would be used to attract many customers who would purchase the product in large volumes. The action plan is the measures the marketing team takes to execute marketing strategies. Lastly, the control plan is essential since it keeps track of the company’s performance with the strategies named in the marketing plan.
References
Xia, B., Han, M., & Zhu, Y. (2021, December). Experiential Marketing of L’Oréal in China: A Case Study Based on Consumer Behavior of Chinese Female University Students. In 2021 3rd International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2021) (pp. 2270–2280). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211209.373

Fortunati, S., Martiniello, L., & Morea, D. (2020). The strategic role of corporate social responsibility and circular economy in the cosmetic industry. Sustainability, 12(12), 5120. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125120
Tiscini, R., Martiniello, L., & Lombardi, R. (2022). Circular economy and environmental disclosure in sustainability report: Empirical evidence in cosmetic companies. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(3), 892-907. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2924
Aguiar, J. B., Martins, A. M., Almeida, C., Ribeiro, H. M., & Marto, J. (2022). Water sustainability: A waterless life cycle for cosmetic products. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 32, 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.04.008

Analyzing the Varieties of Educational Technology
It is crucial to examine the available options to choose which educational technology would be the most excellent match to incorporate into the organization for learning and teaching purposes. To do this, one must comprehend the significance of technology in education and consider the benefits each sort of technology offers.

Part 1
Explaining Technology
Online classrooms offering online learning management systems are a potential form of this technology. It provides a medium for constant communication between the professor and the class. The teacher may provide pupils remote access to supplementary online materials by uploading files to a server. In addition to providing access to course materials, it also facilitates the assessment of student performance and feedback exchange between instructors and students. My analysis will focus on the differences and similarities between two popular learning management systems, Canvas LMS and Blackboard LMS. Canvas is a free, adaptable LMS that can be modified to meet the specific needs of nurses (Canvas, n.d.). Blackboard is an LMS that can support several independently configured portals. Learners and classes are managed separately (Blackboard, n.d.).
Feature, Capability, and Benefit
Version 1 (Canvas):
Version 2 (Blackboard):
Applicability

Using the Canvas mobile applications
Available through the Blackboard app.
Functional simplicity
Shortcut keys
Toolbars
Subject matter.
Link submissions
Customized class discussions, tests, and homework.
Shortcut keys
Toolbars
Subject matter.
Link submissions
Customized class discussions, tests, and homework.
Costs

Virtually free
Educators may purchase a license for $300 per year. The cost to the whole division is $900.
It is important to note that optional add-ons come with additional costs.
User evaluations
4.10/5
3.60/5
Assessments

Capability to create, give, and evaluate examinations.
Tailored examinations
Timed exams
Capability to create, give, and evaluate examinations.
Tailored examinations
Timed exams
Distinguishing Characteristics

Portfolium
Canvas studios
Virtual classrooms
Certifications
Management development
Staff experience
Teamwork

Short cooperative apparatuses.
Comprehensive cooperative alternatives.
Cooperation in real-time during evaluations
Analytics

Budget-friendly access to data analysis
Methods and apparatus for studying how students engage with instructional materials
Finding out which student needs extra help.
The analytics section requires payment.
Scatter plots are useful for educators in analyzing data.
Examine the results of various pupils.
Grading

In specific classrooms, students’ work may be graded by their peers and teachers.
Grading may be done in an anonymous manner
Enables for annotations
Making use of peer review to assign grades.
Self-assessments

Refrain from giving feedback.
Gives feedback.
Anonymous characteristics
Offline contents

An export function is available for the files.
Unless otherwise restricted, you may download files in ebook formats.
Web accessibility for tutors to grade.
Support

Help with emails.
Online conversation in real-time.
Getting in touch with someone by phone.
Provides help over the internet.
Real-time chit-chat.
Service by telephone is available.
Students enrolled in courses like those that do not need creating may not see the effects of features like the ability to add graphics and videos to canvas presentations. For instance, students attending business classes that do need video editing and explanations may not benefit, but they may gain from other elements like the presentation of the course materials. Additionally, while examinations and tests may be taken in classrooms, blackboard features like the ability to show assignments and tests have minimal influence. However, they are handier for students taking online courses. According to Nubatonis (2021), the canvas offers the staff great assistance and encouragement by making it easier to create presentations professionally.
On the other hand, the chalkboard is a more conducive setting for student-teacher interaction in terms of grading, dialogue, and data management. The comparison of the two technologies is predicated on the premise that it is a powerful tool for enhancing postsecondary education. Technology is a tactical instrument that may be utilized to achieve an organization’s strategic objectives. Given that this assumption may change over time and impact prior decisions, those decisions may be impacted.
Benefits and Limitations of Comparing Similar Educational Technologies
The comparison is essential because it allows for an evaluation of which of the two comparable technologies has the most outstanding qualities for the advancement of learning. It helps figure out what kinds of technological resources will help different schools accomplish their missions with the fewest resources expended possible (Rapanta et al.,2020). The drawback of contrasting two similar technologies is that it is only possible to determine which one is more successful if a study is conducted on how well children use both technologies. Therefore, to get valuable results from both technologies, teachers should conduct a poll comparing their pros and downsides so that students may make an informed choice.
Canvas is an online learning management system (LMS) that allows teachers and students to effortlessly communicate and collaborate on course materials and tasks such as tracking grades, keeping track of who is enrolled in a class and when, and submitting and receiving assignments (Rapanta et al.,2020). Canvas is built in a manner that aids in making online education more manageable. The Canvas learning management system has several tools available. It guarantees that content on the platform may be seen without any hassle. It also aids users in understanding the platform’s key features (Rapanta et al.,2020). The Canvas Commons repository is a fundamental feature of the platform. Teachers benefit from this resource since they may customize it with questions and lessons for their students. Documents may be made and saved with the aid of this application (Rapanta et al.,2020). This function is an instructor’s greatest friend while developing new lessons.
This system does more than just let you build a course; it also facilitates data exchange between faculty and students (Rapanta et al.,2020). As a result, a teacher may distribute the curriculum throughout all the divisions that report to the central university. The Canvas module may organize course content into modules (Rapanta et al.,2020). This is a helpful feature for educators who want to provide requisites for each lesson unit in a program. In this manner, pupils will only be allowed to go on to the following unit if they have finished the required work. The resulting tool streamlines the process of evaluating students’ work. Educators may use the result tool with their grading requirements (Rapanta et al.,2020). Therefore, this function aids in maintaining rigorous standards for evaluating pupils’ performance.
Canvas has quizzes that may be used to test and improve one’s knowledge. With the quiz function, teachers may easily make their tests for their pupils. The quiz, however, should follow various guidelines (Rapanta et al.,2020). It may consist of multiple-choice questions or require pupils to write lengthy essays. The quiz taker can receive a mark upon completion or receive no grade at all. The student may take the test at leisure, or it might have a time limit.
In order to get a grade, students must complete the assigned tasks successfully. Canvas’s Gradebook is used for both bringing in and sending out grades. The grade is a program that works with student information systems to automate the recording of grades in comma-separated values (CSV) files (Rapanta et al.,2020). Canvas can keep track of teachers’ daily routines because of its built-in machine-learning capabilities. Assigning work on Canvas is simple: it takes only a few clicks.
Virtual education can only succeed with a straightforward interface. Many web browsers can use the Canvas components app (Rapanta et al.,2020). Access to reliable internet service is crucial for online classrooms. Canvas has a reliability of 99.99%. Each of the Canvas platforms is monitored by a dedicated crew that works around the clock to keep them running smoothly. Canvas provides customer service through email, mobile phone calls, and real-time chat. A ticketing mechanism is also available for handling client complaints (Rapanta et al.,2020). The customer service representative works diligently around the clock and provides speedy replies to enhance customers’ learning experiences and resolve any problems with the Canvas system.
The Canvas learning management system (LMS) works with various gadgets (Rapanta et al.,2020). Canvas has some drawbacks, but so does every other learning management system. The studying and teaching experience on this platform has been hampered by several well-known issues, including:
When the due date for an assignment is not midnight, it will be automatically erased.
Sound recording issues encountered by users.
Only when instructors respond will kids’ messages be saved.
We are too busy to take on any more projects as a team.
There is a need for the grading system to be enhanced.
However, instead of viewing them as flaws in the system, they can be seen as areas that could use some tweaking (Rapanta et al.,2020). Rapid progress is being made in the field of software development. Therefore, fixing the issues with the Canvas LMS interface should be relatively easy.
Blackboard allows teachers to centralize student grade information. Teachers may perform students’ grading and automatically compute marks for students who upload or share information to a Google Doc (Rapanta et al.,2020). There could not be a better repository for such information. Since Blackboard cannot process huge files, it has some restrictions regarding content delivery and grading student work. Furthermore, its capacity to monitor student engagement could be improved. The most recent login date and time will be visible to teachers, but they will not be able to monitor the student’s progress.
The Applications of Technologies
The canvas is ideal for students enrolled in practical programs like nursing since it allows for the presentation of equipment used in the industry. Canvas could assist nursing students with learning more about practical skills and how to use them correctly in the field. The Blackboard platform is handy for students enrolled in online courses since it facilitates online course evaluation, two-way communication between students and teachers, and the provision of graded and graded-for-review assignments and exams (Chang et al.,2020). Schools are increasingly adopting both technologies to accommodate students from various disciplines. Some have found that students in practical courses benefit more from Canvas than those in theoretical courses.
How to include technology in the nursing education curriculum?
Canvas technology may be employed in nursing programs like family nursing, where the tutors can use the canvas to illustrate various practical lessons relevant to the curriculum (Thapa et al.,2022). Tutors could utilize a canvas while instructing students since it allows them to review what they learned in class at their own pace. In the family nursing program, the blackboard may enable students to communicate with their tutors about any areas in which they may be having difficulties and to provide and receive feedback from other students and instructors (Chen et al.,2020). The student’s performance and engagement in the learning process may be improved by incorporating both technologies into the family nursing curriculum. The technologies also positively affect learning since they provide teachers adequate time to evaluate their students.
Part 2
Assumptions
The comparison in the chart was helpful since it considered the needs of both students and teachers while selecting an online classroom. The ratings and costs help determine which technological setup has the best chance of being widely adopted. Finding the benefits and drawbacks of each method is another benefit. The chart also compares the available help options in the event of system failures. This table has the drawback that people’s impressions of the two LMS versions vary greatly.
Additionally, these two variants may be helpful in certain classes while failing miserably in others. Some nursing students may find it more convenient to use the built-in mathematical formulae on a blackboard than on Canvas. As a result, the question of which variant is better in which circumstances cannot be answered with complete accuracy using this comparison.
The comparison may provide light on the proportion of users who identify as nurses or who are interested in pursuing nursing education. There is also a need for more details on the different versions’ adaptability and any necessary training. For the sake of this comparison, we will assume that the ratings supplied are correct and that everyone will have the same experience. Moreover, the success of the technology would depend on its widespread adoption by teachers and pupils. It has also been expected that all the students and lecturers would already be familiar with and able to use all the significant features and technology platforms efficiently.
Analysis
Bachelor of Science in Nursing candidates gained the most from the Canvas platform. This is because BSN students are required to complete a mix of theoretical and applied tasks, all of which need frequent quizzes, tests, and teacher grading. Students benefit most from offline material in this scenario since it allows convenient file access without requiring a mobile app (Vats, 2022). Second, in contrast to Blackboard, Canvas makes grading considerably more efficient for teachers by letting them annotate and remark directly on student work (Vats, 2022). They would have an efficient way to provide timely feedback without having to meet individually with each kid. Canvas also provides free analytics tools to assist teachers in determining which students in their nursing classes need further support (Vats, 2022). This conclusion is grounded on survey data collected from institutions using Canvas for nursing education, in which respondents reported feeling more confident after taking the initiative. Teachers’ workloads were lightened thanks to this change since the online template could be adapted to meet the specific requirements of both students and teachers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References
Blackboard. (n.d.). Educational Technology Services | Blackboard | North America. https://www.blackboard.com/
Canvas. (n.d.). Canvas.com by Instructure | Landing Page. Instructure. https://www.instructure.com/canvas
Chang, C. Y., Hwang, G. J., & Gau, M. L. (2022). Promoting students’ learning achievement and self‐efficacy: A mobile chatbot approach for nursing training. British Journal of Educational Technology, 53(1), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13158
Chen, J. C., Dobinson, T., & Kent, S. (2020). Students’ Perspectives on the Impact of Blackboard Collaborate on Open University Australia (OUA) Online Learning. Journal of Educators Online, 17(1), n1. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1241569
Gonzalez, E. (2022, May 19). Canvas vs. Blackboard Learn: Which Is Better? The Motley Fool. https://www.fool.com/the-ascent/small-business/learning-management/canvas-vs-blacboard/
Nubatonis, O. E. (2021). Pelatihan Pembuatan Video Pembelajaran Dengan Aplikasi Bandicam dan Screencast O-Matic. Jurnal Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.47747/pengabdiankepadamasyarakat.v2i1.255
Rapanta, C., Botturi, L., Goodyear, P., Guàrdia, L., & Koole, M. (2020). Online university teaching during and after the Covid-19 crisis: Refocusing teacher presence and learning activity. Postdigital science and education, 2(3), 923–945. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42438-020-00155-y
Thapa, P., Bhandari, S. L., & Pathak, S. (2021). Nursing students’ attitude on the practice of elearning: A cross-sectional survey amid COVID-19 in Nepal. PloS one, 16(6), e0253651. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253651
Vats, I. (2022, September 30). Canvas vs. Blackboard: Which is the Winner? https://www.selecthub.com/learning-management/canvas-vs-blackboard/

The article uses a retrospective observational research method which positively influences the study by identifying the health risks associated with mobility while on CRRT, the occurrence intensity, and the prognosis of patient safety events. According to Euser et al. (2009, pg. 215), accuracy value and improved efficiency are the key benefits of retrospective cohort studies. Additionally, the backdated layout improves data accessibility, saving time and money (Song and Chung, 2010, pg. 2240). However, recall bias, where respondents fail to recall specifics of a former encounter or incident or omit information while responding about it, is a prevalent issue in retrospective research (Thiese, 2014, pg. 200). Nevertheless, the study reduced this bias: it exploited the hospital’s computerized database rather than personalized interviews.
Inclusion/ Exclusion Criteria
The study inclusion or exclusion standards for choosing individuals are vague. It is unclear whether patients were excluded or included in the trial based on different factors. This may have affected causal links between treatment and control groups and the validity findings (Patino and Ferreira, 2018, pg. 84)
Design and Methodology
The study relies on manual chart review and electronic health information, which may result in mistakes or inconsistencies. The retrospective nature may also restrict the quality and comprehensiveness of the data acquired (Norvell, 2010, pg 8). As an illustration, it’s possible that the researchers only documented risks pertinent to their study (Drolet et al., 2022, pg. 5), distorting the results on the safety and practicability of mobility in Renal Replacement Therapy patients. The researchers overlooked negligible safety incidents during physical therapy treatments, such as hypotension or oxygen desaturation, which could have contributed to understanding the safety of physical therapy interventions during CRRT. Negligible incidents can provide valuable information (Mayer et al., 2020, pg. 40). Therefore, overlooking these incidents might compromise the data of a particular patient and, eventually, the study’s validity. Nevertheless, the study reduces the bias by considering safety events such as catheter dislodgement, bleeding, and hemodynamic emergency (Bento et al., 2020, pg.3).
Additionally, a retrospective structure limits reliable comparability between the safety occurrences linked to the treatments and those that may have happened without them (Hansrivijit et al., 2020, pg. 1265). It is hard to determine whether physical therapy may or may not cause any safety issues in the absence of a placebo group.
Cohort studies require an accurate assessment of the risk and the result to produce reliable conclusions (Wang and Katan, 2020, pg. 75). Retrospective design limits this accuracy. The researchers rely on the controls set up by the preceding doctors who provided treatment because the incidents had already happened (Song and Chung, 2010, pg. 2234). The findings documented in the patient’s medical file by previous doctors had to satisfy the study’s researchers. The researchers would be unaware of any incidence that would have been of interest to them if it hadn’t been noted. These factors can negatively affect the quality of the results (Song and Chung, 2010, pg. 2234). Therefore, we cannot accurately quantify the outcome of this study.
A prospective study design would have solved the challenges of this study. This design allows for gathering more precise data regarding the patient’s hemodynamic response to the therapies (Biele et al., 2019, pg. 927). In a prospective cohort study, researchers may monitor patients and, more precisely, document the behaviors of persons of interest (Adams and McGuire, 2022, pg. 500). This may have given a fuller picture of the safety incidents connected to the measures.
Randomization
It is not mentioned whether the patients were assigned trials and treatments randomly. Since the subjects were not randomized, the study may have lacked comparable groups, resulting in treatment allocations and selection bias (Suresh, 201, pg. 8). Selection bias may have affected the validity of the outcome.
Year/ location of study/ Sample Size
The data was gathered between December 2016 and November 2018. This was an excellent period to obtain reliable results for Renal Replacement Therapy (Chen et al., 2021, pg. 2). If data collection were consistent during the time apart, the outcome would be reliable. Furthermore, if the data collection was consistent, the study was valid. The therapy is still done today in the United Kingdom. The sample of 206 patients who were 18 years of age and older was good (Chen et al., 2021, pg. 4). They underwent CRRT and were admitted to the ICU.
Sampling
There is no indication of the sampling method. However, we can deduce that the researchers used a non-probability purposive sampling based on the defined feature of the sample population in the ICU that needed CRRT and mobility evaluations (Bhardwaj, 2019, pg. 157). This sampling approach was appropriate since the study’s sample population was chosen with consideration to reflect the study’s primary aims (Vijayamohan, 2023, pg. 1). However, it was prone to bias due to researchers relying on the personal judgment in choosing participants (Norvell, 2010, pg. 9). This might have affected the data and eventually the outcome.
For data collection, the manual electronic record review seems to have collected data on physical therapy sessions, neglecting to consider other factors. The manual electronic record review cannot be replicated outside Utah due to controls. It is unclear if differences in sedation levels, kinds of breathing machines, devices that keep patients’ airways open, comorbidities, and variances in severity-of-disease ratings were considered. Without these details, it is challenging to determine whether the sample is representative of the population at large and whether the findings can be extrapolated to other populations, making it difficult to draw conclusions that are both valid and reliable (Meline, 2006, pg. 23). Therefore, the study’s safety and viability of physical therapy sessions for ICU patients receiving CRRT are questionable.
The participant dropout rate is not mentioned in the article. However, given that the study was retrospective and relied on a manual record review, there was no chance that the sample(s) would refuse to participate (Bankhead, Aronson, and Nunan, 2017, pg. 21). It may be assumed that there were no significant risks involved with the statistical analysis because there were no losses, and every subject was considered (Bankhead, Aronson, and Nunan, 2017, pg. 21).
Results
The progression of physical treatment sessions was decided based on the patient’s tolerance level. Their mobility was advanced depending on the participant’s tolerance level and whether or not they had medical instability. The ICU mobility scale (IMS), which ranges from 0 (no mobility) to 10 (walking freely with an assistive device), was employed by the authors to describe mobilization numerically. There were various levels of movement in around 83%. With the CRRT machine in tow, 39% could ambulate, and the average IMS was 5 (bed-to-chair transfers). Cardiac arrest was the only safety incident that occurred throughout the research. Bento et al. (2020, pg.4) assert that this had no impact on the safety and mobility of patients while receiving CRRT, but they did not elaborate on this conclusion. Failing to elaborate on why cardiac arrests had no impact on the safety of patients leaves the study with some gaps. The authors needed to be corrected on such gaps since it results in inconclusive results.
The study assumed that a sizable percentage of patients could move around while receiving CRRT and that doing so was safe, given that there was only one significant safety issue (cardiac arrest) throughout the trial that the authors did not attribute to the existence of the CRRT device. I cannot entirely agree with the conclusion since the study has many assumptions and gaps in findings.

References List

Adams, K. and McGuire, E. K, 2022. Research Methods, Statistics, and Applications. Third. SAGE Publications, Inc. ISBN: 978-1-0718-8933-6. Pp. 696
Bento, H.A., Dummer, D., Lohse, B.D., Noren, C. and Tonna, J.E., 2020. Walking while dialyzing: A retrospective observation of early mobility and ambulation for patients on continuous renal replacement therapy. Critical Care Explorations, 2(6). doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000131
Bhardwaj, P., 2019. Types of sampling in research. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 5(3), p.157. Doi: 10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_62_19
Biele, G., Gustavson, K., Czajkowski, N.O., Nilsen, R.M., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Magnus, P.M., Stoltenberg, C. and Aase, H., 2019. Bias from self selection and loss to follow-up in prospective cohort studies. European journal of epidemiology, 34, pp.927-938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-019-00550-1
Chen, W.Y., Cai, L.H., Zhang, Z.H., Tao, L.L., Wen, Y.C., Li, Z.B., Li, L., Ling, Y., Li, J.W., Xing, R. and Liu, X.Y., 2021. The timing of continuous renal replacement therapy initiation in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: the CRTSAKI Study (Continuous RRT Timing in Sepsis-associated AKI in ICU): study protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 11(2), p.e040718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040718
Drolet, M.J., Rose-Derouin, E., Leblanc, J.C., Ruest, M. and Williams-Jones, B., 2022. Ethical Issues in research: perceptions of researchers, research ethics board members and research ethics experts. Journal of Academic Ethics, pp.1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-022-09455-3
Euser, A.M., Zoccali, C., Jager, K.J. and Dekker, F.W., 2009. Cohort studies: prospective versus retrospective. Nephron Clinical Practice, 113(3), pp.c214-c217. https://doi.org/10.1159/000235241
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Introduction
Al-Qaeda terrorists did not bring down the original Twin Towers, according to a 9/11 truth movement conspiracy theory. This article reviews the veracity of the movement’s claims by analyzing the documentation supporting it. According to the official story, on September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked four planes and slammed them into the original Twin Towers. The official NIST study focuses mostly on concealed material that supporters claim inadequately described, such as the World Trade Center Building collapse (Taylor 5).
Thesis
There are multiple reasons to question that the 9/11 attacks were carried out by terrorists, including the speed with which the buildings collapsed. It was instead an inside coup by an organization member.
Summary
Not only were terrorists involved in the events of September 11, 2001, but an inside job was also conducted. It is also alleged that high-ranking government officials who may have planned and carried out such a big and destructive strike were involved. Despite significant opposition, the movement has continued and even expanded, with adherents citing a range of sophisticated explanations.

Analysis
Dave Thomas analyzes the most popular 9/11 conspiracy theory in this essay. The 9/11 Truth Movement, which contends that the attacks were an “inside operation” and that the United States government and intelligence services covered them up, is thriving ten years after the attacks (Boudry 1-21). This is contested by the 9/11 Truth Movement, which argues that the 110-story Twin Towers were destroyed quickly (Thomas, 35:4). The author asserts that the data provided by the NIST is largely unreliable and based on speculation. Thermite is impractical for controlled demolition; hence there is no proof that anyone has ever employed it for this purpose (Thomas 35.4). The Truthers assert that explosives were employed to bring down the structures because free fall acceleration demonstrates no resistance. According to the author, many of the movement’s claims are based on skewed interpretations of the evidence rather than on hard statistics. The author employs pathos, ethos, and logos to strengthen his position. Thomas gives evidence from many sources, including 9/11 Commission findings and interactions with 9/11 Truth Movement members. This is essential for logos because it allows the author to establish connections between the notions that support his arguments. The movement’s assertions are investigated to show how they are founded on a selective reading of the data, and a conspiracy is then proposed. Due to this appeal to theories, the movement’s lack of evidence and dependence on emotive hyperbole stands out in stark contrast. Thomas employed pathos to elicit profound emotion from his audience, particularly when emphasizing the continual search for answers by the relatives of victims. The result is to strengthen the audience’s connection to September 11th. The author also used ethos when discussing his stance on the 9/11 Truth Movement and explaining why he supports their cause. This indicates the author’s expertise and knowledge of the event in question.
The 9/11 Truth Movement has made the rate at which the two towers collapsed one of its primary contentions. According to the 9/11 Truth Movement, the rapidity with which the twin towers plummeted into their foundations suggests that they were brought down by controlled demolition. Proponents of this idea point out that the towers fell with roughly the same velocity as a freely falling object, which is improbable if the collapse was caused purely by the impact of the planes and the following fires (Taylor 5). Steel-framed structures have endured far higher temperatures and longer burn times without collapsing, and supporters of the movement challenge the official explanation, which attributes the structural failure to fire.
The 9/11 Truth Movement’s second line of defense is that the World Trade Center was attacked with thermite. They assert that thermite was used to bring down the skyscrapers because molten metal was discovered at Ground Zero, and the fires were exceedingly intense. Thermite is a highly reactive chemical used to break steel buildings quickly. Others have pointed to the iron spheres discovered in the wreckage left by the collapse of the structures as evidence of the high temperatures necessary to make them. Some activists have highlighted the presence of melted steel at Ground Zero as evidence that thermite was utilized in the attacks. The “9/11 truth movement” is based on the notion that the government failed to offer concrete evidence as to who or what was responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks. They give a series of justifications as proof. The ability to explain something does not imply that it is correct. Some are concerned that there is a lack of evidence because the attacks were so massive. Things that can only be interpreted as an attempt to avoid investigating the attacks have exacerbated the problem. The crime scenes were swiftly cleaned up before any meaningful investigation could begin. The physical evidence was disposed of to avoid having to investigate the situation. In recent years, both structures and passenger planes have crashed. The planes and building collapses were not recreated or modeled.
Many hours later, the collapse of WTC 7 into the footprints of the two towers is another piece of evidence supporting the 9/11 Truth Movement. As evidence, proponents of the conspiracy theory that the collapse of WTC 7 resulted from a controlled demolition cite the building’s sudden collapse and the symmetrical dispersion of debris around its perimeter. The official explanation links the collapse to fire-induced structural failure; however, members of the movement have expressed skepticism, stating that given that the building was not struck by an airplane and had no big fires, it is highly unlikely that fire alone caused the collapse.
The 9/11 Truth movement presented the study in an exaggerated, wrong, and twisted way, which conspiracy theorists quickly recycled and showed to other people. The authors look at three subgroups within the movement. Each subgroup has its reasons for believing in the conspiracy hypothesis. Joe Nickell, a senior research fellow at CSI, then talks about the crazy ideas that some 9/11 witnesses and people who know them have. Also, Assistant Editor Benjamin Radford writes about when conspiracy theorist Jesse Ventura had a “skeptical smackdown” in which he repeatedly brushed off criticisms of his crazy claims. Is there a chance that the death of Osama bin Laden, the man who planned the 9/11 attacks and was killed by brave American commandos in Pakistan on May 1, 2011, will lead to fewer conspiracy theories being discussed in this issue?

Work Cited
Taylor, Adam. “Collapse or Explosion? A Discussion of the WTC “Sounds of Explosions” Issue.” 2021.
Boudry, Maarten. “Why We Should Be Suspicious of Conspiracy Theories: A Novel Demarcation Problem.” Episteme (2021): 1-21.
Thomas, Dave. “The 9/11 truth movement: The top conspiracy theory, a decade later.” Skeptical Inquirer 35.4 2011.

 

During a crime scene search, investigators and law enforcement personnel investigate the location of the incident to learn more about what transpired there and to identify those responsible for the crime. There may be inferences to be drawn about the case’s underlying process and the conditions under which it occurred based on the traces and other evidence that have been uncovered. Information gleaned from a crime scene may be of evidential value; therefore, the inspection method’s thoroughness directly impacts the investigation’s outcome. The revelation of a crime is the primary motivation for the survey. Besides, processing a crime scene requires adhering to established protocols and procedures. For instance, taking notes at the crime site is a crucial step in this process. Moreover, images, drawings, written reports, measurements, and the names and times of personnel in charge of gathering evidence must all be recorded throughout this procedure. Inadequate scene recording often results in inadmissible evidence in court or in the absence of evidence, which may enable a perpetrator of a crime against people or property to avoid punishment.
Methods for Documenting a Crime Scene
Photography
Photographs are a very helpful tool for recording and scouring a crime scene since they can create a chronology of events, record evidence, and offer visual proof of the location and its contents. Photographs help provide a more accurate depiction of the crime scene and its surroundings when piecing together what transpired and looking for clues. When taking pictures at a crime scene, it is crucial to ensure that other law enforcement personnel and their equipment are not captured in any images. Photographs should show the scene as an “invisible witness” of sorts and offer a clear and succinct depiction of the crime scene without any distractions. This is particularly important for homicide investigations. When photographing evidence at a crime scene, it is essential to capture pictures from a variety of perspectives and distances in order to ensure that the evidence is correctly recorded. In addition, you should take close-up pictures of important pieces of evidence. In addition to the tangible evidence, any possible witnesses or suspects should also be photographed to document the investigation further. Crime scene photography involves documenting a scene using high-quality images that reveal specifics about the incident, including the victim’s body and the evidence. Taking photographs at a crime scene is crucial because they serve as an accurate and objective record of the incident and any tangible evidence collected. In addition, it leaves a record of the crime scene that may be used as evidence in court.
To begin photographing the crime scene, wide-angle shots of the location and the regions immediately around it should be taken. When photographing the broad overall scene, the photographs should demonstrate the structure of the crime scene as well as the overall spatial linkages of the different pieces of evidence to one another. When shooting inside, one effective strategy is to get images from each room’s four corners to provide a sense of the space. The next series of photographs need to be taken at a medium range to demonstrate the connections between the various items of evidence found at the crime scene and the buildings present there. Last but not least, close-up photographs of significant pieces of evidence need to be obtained. A picture of a ruler next to the item(s) being compared should be taken if the relative size of the objects is relevant or if the items need one-to-one comparison images. After taking a picture of the item in its natural state, you should take a picture beside the ruler.
Note Taking
The taking of notes is an essential step in the process of documenting and investigating a crime scene. The investigators can create a detailed record of the scene and its surroundings by taking notes at the scene. This record can include the names of those who were present, the time and location, the circumstances at the time of the inspection, and the results of the search. Include every aspect of the crime scene in your notes, such as a description of the location, the external environment, and any traces or evidence materials discovered there. In addition to that, the notes ought to document the precise time at which the examination was finished. These details can be used to construct a timeline for the events that transpired and land the validation of statements made by witnesses or suspects. In addition, taking notes can assist investigators in recalling important details while analyzing evidence and writing reports. The investigators can recognize patterns and discover connections between the various aspects of the crime scene if they take detailed notes. This makes it easier for them to formulate hypotheses and construct cases based on the evidence collected at the scene. In addition, taking notes is an important tool that should be utilized to guarantee that all pertinent information is accurately documented and saved in an organized manner. This helps to ensure that the information is available both when and where it is required and can be used to reconstruct the events at the crime scene. Therefore, taking accurate and thorough notes during an investigation of a crime scene can assist investigators in developing a complete picture of the events that transpired.
Sketches and Diagrams
Crime scene documentation relies heavily on accurate measurements captured in drawings and diagrams. The crime scene is sketched to provide a complete picture with the images. WA bird’s-eye perspective like this is invaluable when the crime scene is spread out across a large area, like a home; the victim could be located in one part of the home, such as the bedroom, while the assault might have taken place in another. Rather than taking pictures of each room, the crime scene sketch will be able to provide a complete picture of the whole scenario. Furthermore, it is also worth noting that smear, bloodstain, drop evidence, and the route that the victim or offender took through the home through directional arrows, may all be shown on a crime scene drawing in connection to the location of the victim or corpse. In addition to depicting the general layout of the crime scene, many drawings will also contain helpful measurements showing the exact location of various things concerning the corpse. The first sheet of paper may illustrate the complete scene, the second the room or broad area where the victim is located, and the third can be a more detailed evidence diagram.
On the crime scene, a quick drawing is normally done using graph paper and a pencil, with each square on the page indicating a certain number of square inches or feet. A compass is used to ascertain the overhead view’s directionality. At a crime scene, measurements of the distances between items and buildings at the crime scene are obtained using a tape measure or other measuring equipment. These distances may be measured in feet or other units. These measurements are proportionately scaled down on the preliminary drawing, and the items are sketched in. Besides, in most cases, two measurements obtained at right angles to one another or from two different reference points will be sufficient to place the items in the correct location on a design. In order to verify the accuracy of the results, one needs to do double measurements. This is particularly important when there may be computations involved later. Furthermore, paper, ink, a ruler, or a computer, may be used to create a finished drawing later.
It creates a visual record of the situation, which may be used as evidence in court. It also offers investigators a helpful tool to study the scene and search for information that may have been overlooked during the first investigation. When videotaping a crime scene, it is vital to catch the whole scene, including all roads, surrounding locations, and any evidence that may be there. This includes capturing all evidence that may be present. Several different camera approaches, such as tripods and supplemental lighting, should be utilized to guarantee that the video is taken in a way that is both professional and of the highest quality. The whole of the original film must be preserved unaltered so that it may be presented in court if and when required. Finally, consider the many ways in which videotaping the crime scene might be included in the overall process of the investigation. Besides, Videotaping allows the investigators to analyze the crime scene’s videotape and search for other information that may have been overlooked. In addition, it may assist detectives in comprehending the structure of the crime scene and identifying where evidence may be discovered, which can offer you extra suggestions on how to find it. It can also help investigators understand how the crime was committed. Recording the situation on video may provide the investigators with further assistance in reviewing and analyzing any evidence available at the site and comparing it to other aspects of the scenario. In addition, it has the potential to produce an accurate record of the crime scene, which may be utilized as a reference in the later phases of the investigation, should it become necessary.
Methods for Searching a Crime Scene
Strip Line Method
The Strip Line Method is a systematic approach to searching a crime scene involving investigators starting at one end of the scene and walking straight toward the other. This is particularly useful for crime scenes with clearly defined boundaries, as it allows the investigators to ensure that no evidence is left behind. During the search, one or two investigators should cover the entire area properly to avoid leaving any evidence behind. It is important to remember that this method is not foolproof – if there are any irregularities or gaps in the boundaries of the scene, it may be possible for evidence to be overlooked. Therefore, all potential witnesses must be interviewed, and their accounts must be considered when investigating the scene.
Grid Searching Method
Grid searching is a method of searching a crime scene that involves two investigators systematically searching the scene in perpendicular lines. This method allows for a double examination of the same spot, ensuring everything is noticed. The grid search pattern involves the strip or line method, which involves two investigators forming a grid. First, the grid’s boundaries are well established, and the searchers move in north-south or east-west directions. This allows for a double examination of the same spot. Once the grid boundaries have been established, the investigators should search each square on the grid. The purpose of this is to ensure that nothing is missed. If something is found, the investigators should move to the grid’s next square. However, if nothing is found, the investigators can start over at the beginning of the grid and search again. Thus grid searching has been observed to be a highly effective way of searching a crime scene, as it allows for a thorough examination of every area.
Quadrant Searching Method
The quadrant method of searching a crime scene is primarily used when the crime occurred in a large space. In this method, the scene is divided into small, and each zone is divided into smaller zones. Each searcher will then be assigned to a specific zone and conduct their search according to their findings. This method allows for a more precise and efficient crime scene search. This helps to ensure that every area of the crime scene is thoroughly examined and that evidence is noticed. The Quadrant Method helps to ensure that all evidence is properly gathered and documented. This method allows for evidence collection, which can be critical in criminal cases. Additionally, this method eliminates the need for multiple searches as each quadrant is thoroughly searched before moving on to the next. The main advantage of this method is that it allows for more coverage and eliminates the need to search areas where there is little chance of finding evidence. Additionally, this method can be used in crowded spaces, as it only requires a little space. The disadvantage of this method is that it can be time-consuming and may be less effective in areas with a high amount of debris.
Wheel Searching Method
A wheel search method is useful for searching a crime scene because it allows the searchers to quickly scan the area and look for any potential evidence or clues. The method starts with the searchers standing at the scene’s focal point, then moving outwards in straight lines in a “wheel” pattern, ensuring that the entire area is covered. This method is less effective than other search methods because the area between the rays is not searched; this can lead to missed clues or evidence. However, the wheel search method is easy to use and can quickly cover a large area.
3D imaging systems
In forensic inquiry, 3D imaging devices are becoming increasingly popular when conducting investigations. Moreover, there are several pros and cons of incorporating 3D imaging when documenting and searching through the crime scene.
Pros
3D devices have been observed to provide a precise and three-dimensional representation of the crime scene, which may be utilized to record evidence and assist detectives in comprehending the dynamics of the criminal act. In order to record a scene from a variety of perspectives, 3D imaging systems use several cameras. The generated photos are then analyzed and merged in order to produce a three-dimensional model. Moreover, 3D devices may assist detectives in comprehending the dynamics of the crime scene they are examining. For instance, 3D imaging systems can be used to create models of both objects and scenes, which can then assist investigators in comprehending how the objects were manipulated or damaged during the commission of the crime. Furthermore, 3D imaging systems can be utilized in evidence documentation. For instance, 3D imaging systems can take pictures of fingerprints or blood spatters on a surface. In addition, 3D imaging systems can be used to create models of crime scenes that can be used as educational tools for law enforcement officers. These models can be used to train new officers. Besides, it is also true that 3D imaging systems have the potential to assist investigators in solving crimes. For instance, 3D imaging systems can be utilized to create models of crime scenes, which can subsequently be utilized to identify suspects or objects of interest at the scene.
Cons
3D imaging systems are prohibitively expensive and require a high level of specialized knowledge to operate effectively. Besides, three-dimensional imaging systems are not always reliable and can be hypersensitive to changes in their surrounding environment. Moreover, using 3D imaging systems can be challenging in environments with many people or much darkness. The fourth place, 3D imaging systems are only sometimes capable of capturing accurate images of small objects or details. Last but not least, the generation of a comprehensive model of the environment by 3D imaging systems frequently takes a significant amount of time. Reference

Chinese internet censorship is frequently portrayed as a top-down, monolithic control structure that enables the government to precisely target undesired content. The Chinese government, led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), virtually controlled all of the traditional mass media before the Internet was invented, including magazines, newspapers, the radio, and television. Unsurprisingly, even before the Internet was made widely accessible, the government wanted to regulate new media (Quan). The government has issued many regulations to regulate the Internet over the years. China’s State Council published the Interim provisions governing the management of computer information networks on February 1, 1996. It forbids the creation or transmission of four types of information: material that could compromise national security, reveal state secrets, undermine social order, or encourage sexually explicit content. The State Council published the Measures for controlling internet information services on September 20, 2000, greatly expanding the range of illegal content. Internet service providers were prohibited from creating, reproducing, releasing, or disseminating information that comprises any of the items listed in Article 15 of the provisions, for example. Information that violates the fundamental values outlined in the Constitution; Information that jeopardizes national security; Information that exposes state secrets; Information that undermines government authority; Information that is harmful to the dignity and interest of the state; Content that spreads rumors; Information that disturbs social order; Information that threatens social stability; or Other information that is prohibited by law or administrative rules. These clauses are so ubiquitous that many Chinese appear to have “accepted” them (Quan). The validity or legality of such provisions was rarely contested. Ambiguous rules can prevent particular individuals from disseminating “sensitive” material that might fall under a restricted category.

Current Laws and Regulations that Govern the Internet in China

The Cyber Security Law (CSL), passed during the current administration, is the most significant piece of legislation regulating how China manages the Internet. The CSL regulates all internet activities in China and holds online service providers responsible for confirming users’ genuine identities (Xu and Yu). Additionally, the CSL mandates that all network operators keep an eye out for information in user-generated content that is illegal to publish or transmit according to legal or administrative guidelines. In China, users must supply essential personal information to utilize social media or other online services. Registering fake details or using another person’s name for assistance is prohibited. Transactions involving SIM cards are governed: Forms must be completed before giving a card to another person (Xu and Yu). A licensing system governs news and information services. Establishing a blacklist by the authorities will result in a three-year information dissemination restriction for specified groups and people. One million yuan is the highest fine for publishing information deemed incorrect and upsetting social order. Additionally, services that remove social media posts in exchange for money will no longer be allowed, and inappropriate trading of internet accounts will be prohibited. Computer companies’ algorithms to promote products to users are subject to rules. The regulations outlined by China’s Cyberspace Administration state that algorithms must not support information that “endangers national security, disrupts economic and social order, or infringes on the legal rights and interests of others.” The rules also stipulated that consumers must have the choice to disable recommendations and must not be subjected to price discrimination based on past actions (Xu and Yu). Furthermore, generating phony user profiles using algorithms is not a good idea. According to the Internet regulating body, the rules are an effort to safeguard Chinese consumers’ personal information and privacy.

Technological Advancements and Censorship

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses the Great Firewall of China (GFW), which is made up of several technologies and legal provisions, to filter and regulate the content accessible to users in the nation. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) uses a mix of technological and regulatory measures known as the GFW to control access to the Internet within its borders. The GFW filters internet traffic through URL filtering, DNS poisoning, direct VPN blocking, Man-in-the-middle attacks, and active probing. A network of proxies that track and filter online traffic makes up URL blocking. The proxies search for data on servers using a set of characters called Uniform Resource Identifiers, employed by web technologies (URIs). These proxies also search the content of a web page for target phrases that should be blocked. The entire page gets blocked the moment a term matches. For this strategy to be effective, the database must be updated often with pertinent keywords. The Great Firewall of China employs many “fake” DNS servers, which respond with incorrect IP addresses when you attempt to access specific websites. The basis of this DNS hijacking technique is the use of targeted keywords. The firewall automatically inserts a bogus DNS answer when a DNS request matches a forbidden keyword, prohibiting visitors from visiting the website. The Great Firewall examines data using techniques like deep packet inspection to determine if someone is utilizing a VPN. It can choose the origin of each packet of data supplied to the server and any active applications by analyzing the individual packets of data. It’s important to note that VPNs aren’t forbidden in China. All VPN companies are required to share user information and adhere to local censorship laws, which violates the main benefit of using VPN: anonymity. The Chinese government “impersonates” and manipulates root certificates issued by Chinese authorities rather than ones given by legitimate providers through man-in-the-middle (MITM) assaults. Websites frequently use SSL certificates to send data while encrypting it. Due to MITM attacks, the Chinese government can issue self-signed certificates, effectively capturing all interactions and data with a specific website. Chinese authorities employ the method of “active probing” to find services that enable users to get beyond the firewall. It operates by examining any connection requests made to an outbound server, such as one not in China. The GFW Project examines the request’s nature, and if it discovers that the IP address is part of a network of forbidden servers, it immediately terminates the request and restricts the IP.

The Impact of Censorship on the Society

China’s internet censorship affects both the creation and consumption of online content. The censorship of news coverage of many contentious situations prevents numerous Chinese citizens from learning about the acts of their government and severely curtails press freedom. People are shielded from reality by censorship, which causes them to believe false information (Zhang et al.). Nobody would be aware of what might occur if the government merely censored information it did not want society to know. Censorship has a negative impact on creativity in Chinese culture as well. Pushing the limits while continually scanning your back is difficult. It’s a shame because there is so much to be learned about China and modern Chinese history on the intellectual, aesthetic, and cultural levels. Additionally, China’s internet censorship infringes on the right to free speech and isolates its people from the world around them (Zhang et al.). The Chinese constitution declares that citizens have the right to free speech and express their opinions. Still, it also grants the government the power to censor anything that can endanger the nation. As a result, especially in the network, if one wants to say something that the government doesn’t agree with, no one can hear them. This confirms that in China, one is only permitted to speak freely about subjects the administration deems appropriate. China’s internet restriction affects world trade in that it imperils the prerequisites for a just international economic system. Existing international trade laws and institutions are insufficient to change China’s behavior or lessen the effects of its censorship on the rest of the world. Commercial censorship can have a wide range of influences, including the closure of important exporting sales channels, restrictions on or outright bans on foreign enterprises offering internet services in China, and extraterritorial control of foreign Internet sites and services.

Global Response and Criticisms

Diverse viewpoints and sentiments worldwide have been expressed over the censorship enforced on Chinese residents. Coordinated and bilaterally targeted penalties were imposed by Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union against Chinese government people and businesses involved in major human rights abuses, including international crimes, in Xinjiang. Several senior Hong Kong officials were also subject to sanctions from the US for enacting the National Security Law (Human Rights Watch). At the United Nations General Assembly in October 2021, 43 states voiced their “regret” that the government had denied them significant access to Xinjiang and promised their offices would review the state of human rights there. Parliaments in Belgium, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Canada, the Czech Republic, and the United Kingdom passed resolutions denouncing the Chinese government for killing Uyghurs. Members of the European Parliament opposed the EU’s proposed comprehensive investment deal with China. They placed the subject on hold while still at risk of Beijing’s retaliatory actions by citing human rights concerns (Human Rights Watch). In September, they also agreed on a proposal for a new, bolder, and more effective EU strategy on China, with human and civil rights at its core. Members of the EU continue to make vehement statements at the UN criticizing China for human rights abuses. Due to worries about forced labor, multinational corporations were under increased pressure to cease operations in Xinjiang. In their activities in China, foreign technology corporations kept facilitating censorship.

The Future of Censorship in China

Censorship is essential for ensuring that opinion conformity serves the nation’s aims rather than working against them. As China’s computer networks become more secluded, it is building its system of Internet regulation within its borders that supersedes international conventions. This is part of China’s efforts to change the traditional way the Internet is managed. The emergence of President Xi’s cult of personality, which has been likened to a similar craze surrounding Mao, signals a fragility in his power grip or a consolidation of authority; however, it is also plausible that the answer is a combination of both. Furthermore, China might be less hesitant to demonstrate its offensive cyber capabilities as it grows more self-assured as a global leader. Chinese policymakers may regard the Great Cannon, an attack mechanism co-located with the GFW, as a more desirable alternative if they want to retaliate against businesses or countries that refuse to comply. A substantial gulf between China and its equivalents is made worse by the ongoing restrictions that isolate Chinese online users from the world around them. The consequence of total control for China is that the more actively Chinese censorship is used, the more it exposes its anxieties to the outside world and runs the risk of inflaming the ire of its netizens. It is a price, nevertheless, that it is willing to pay more and more. Therefore, since China’s censorship model has been effectively imported into other authoritarian governments to stifle dissent and carry out surveillance, foreigners will need to pay close attention to developments in Chinese censorship models. Comprehending the themes that are significant to the CCP through empirical investigation will become increasingly vital to understanding its national and international goals—seeing both the picture it intends to convey and the impression it seeks to conceal.

The Uyghur People

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that all persons have fundamental freedoms and human rights, which governments are obligated to uphold. Since April 2017, the PRC has intensified its long-standing repressive policies in Xinjiang by imprisoning more than a million Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and Kyrgyz, as well as members of religious minority groups, to systematically exterminate their cultural and ethnic identity, as well as their religious beliefs, and to manage their population growth (Zelcer-Lavid). Based on the experiences of the people who have fled, countless publicly available stories of torture, rape, forced drug consumption, sexual assault, and other horrifying atrocities committed in these detention centers have been documented. Outside the camps, the CCP uses coercive tactics to suppress minorities, including extensive surveillance, the unauthorized mass collection of biometric data from unaware citizens, state-sponsored forced labor, and the stipulation that CCP authorities spend more time in Uyghur homes to suppress religious practice. Members of minority groups are forced to relocate to camps and industries and forced to renounce their ethnic heritage, religious beliefs, and religious traditions. Additionally, children are compelled to leave their homes and put in state-run indoctrination facilities (Zelcer-Lavid). Women and girls are routinely subjected to forced marriages and other abuse, including unwelcome birth control implants, forced abortion, and forced sterilization. These camps’ coercive nature and the CCP’s relentless campaign against such men are encouraged by leaked government records.

Part I: About Chemical Dependency Self-Help Groups 

Self-help groups are essential components of the informal idioms of caring for individuals with substance abuse disorders. They are, by far, the most consistently sought-after psychological and behavioral interventions in the mental health space. An estimated 9% of all adults in the US have gone to an Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meeting at least once. This increased popularity and widespread utilization of self-help groups is a testament to its success (compared to other forms of addiction therapy) and is inherently tied to its connotations with ‘spiritual awakening,’ a nuanced evaluation and acceptance of self, while at the same time providing a peer-centered culture and structure that reinforces reciprocal support. 

Nuances of the Self-Help Group 

This nuanced peer-centered approach is pegged in the philosophy of the self-help group’s 12 steps, revolving around the admission of the problem, seeking help, a thorough examination of self, finding instances of guilt, wrongdoing & difficulty in forgiving that might cause the reinforcement of negative emotions that cause impulsive behavior, making amends, healing and helping others recover. Through this nuanced approach, the 12-step self-help group that began in the 1930s provides non-judgemental, supportive mechanisms that help to sustain recovery, filling the gap where many other interventions have failed. They provide safe spaces for expression because the weekly sessions and the conversations therein are free-flowing, albeit low-cost, and accessible to many people. They are founded on honesty, openness, and trust, which suggests group membership and engagement help minimize self-blame, isolation, and stigma associated with addiction recovery.

Spirituality and Religious Connotations

This unique mix of honesty, trust, and openness helps contribute to the positive emotional outcomes associated with self-help groups- enhanced confidence and hope that ultimately breeds treatment retention, abstinence, and sobriety. Self-help groups allow members to share stories and experiences and decrease their feelings of isolation, which goes a long way in emphasizing human connection. This vulnerability and openness are further enhanced by the belief in a higher power, which helps to encourage members to continue through their sobriety journey. This is because traumatic and extreme events that cause substance and chemical abuse in the first place question an individual’s perceived meaning of life. The restlessness, constant sadness, depression, or anxiety that prompts chemical use in most cases comes from life experiences many addicts cannot control. It is therefore affirming overall for people trying to heal and pursue a general state of well-being to lean on a higher power as a source of strength and meaning. 

This aspect of spirituality, coupled with the openness, trust, and helper-therapy nuances of self-help groups, is the reason for the intervention’s success. The success of self-help groups has been proven by decades of research. Vederhus & Kristensen (2016), for example, evaluated 114 patients that started self-help groups as part of their long-term addiction treatment. The study revealed 38% of participants continued participating in the self-help group two years after the onset of their treatment, mostly helping newer participants. An impressive 81% of participants were sober six months after the program’s onset. Research-based affirmation of the effectiveness of self-help groups and AA is reiterated by (Bekkering et al., 2016; Moos, 2008; Tracy & Wallace, 2016).

Part II: Personal Experiences and Reflection

Description of the Meeting Attended

I attended a Celebrate Recovery program organized by the Saddleback Church. As a mother of three going through a very long and difficult period, I was overcome by pain and hurt. The program was suggested to me by a close friend, who promised the program would provide a safe space to work through my issues and struggles and ultimately find the balance in life that is craved so much. It was a Christianity-centered version of the 12-step self-help group located in my local church. After talking to one of the female pastors, I was enrolled in a step study program, which involved a year-long commitment (engagement in the group). Meetings of the female-only group would take place weekly, a total of 52 weeks, where we shared and were guided through the 12 steps. Each meeting lasted an hour and a half. We were eleven women in our group, excluding our guiding counselor. 

Description of Levels of Involvement/Motivation for Members and Interactions Among Members

The levels of engagement, participation, and motivation developed gradually as the program progressed. There was an overt sense of difficulty in the first three weeks. Most of the participants (including myself) showed an overt sense of incoherence with the group, and its overall purpose, which I realized was because we were struggling with withdrawals. However, the more we shared our experiences (albeit encouraged by our guiding counselor) and the more we saw progress in sustained abstinence (however difficult it was), the more we became engrossed in the program. We eventually realized we had more in common than we initially thought; we all struggled with a single life problem weighing heavily on us, causing our behavior struggles. The real epiphany, the realization that we were in it together, came when one of us relapsed in the fifth week, and we all took responsibility and decided to follow up with her. It was a safe space where we talked about our feeling and encouraged each other. The sense of accountability was also an additional source of motivation. 

Feelings of Being a First-Time Participant

My initial feelings as a first-time participant were mixed in many ways. I came from a place of feeling alone, sad, and struggling with compulsions I hated and a mental space where no one understood me- at first, it felt like just another church meeting. The progress, however, made a huge difference. The progress came in seeing many of my fellow participants reveal their struggles. I realized addictions, rather than the cycle of addiction, made us feel almost the same way. I felt more motivated to do better and grew to value the people I met in the group. 

Description of Spiritual Issues Addressed

There were very deep spiritual issues discussed in the group. Our guiding counselor, also a pastor in the church, showed us how the extreme feelings of loneliness, sadness, depression, and anxiety were manifestations of wounds to our souls. Our souls are the seat of emotions. Inflicted pain in our souls, if not healed, would manifest in continued experiences of sadness, loneliness, and other negative emotions. The continuous desire to escape from negative feelings through substance abuse is nothing but a cry for help. It made a lot of sense to me because my compulsive behavior started with a very negative experience from the past, one that left me feeling wounded. Nothing made sense; nothing seemed to make it all better. This resonated with the pastor telling us Jesus came so that we would not only be saved from our sins, a direct consequence of our compulsive behavior, but so that we would be healed. The pastor used several Bible verses to show us this point. 

The pastor used 1 Peter 2:24 and Isaiah 53:5 to describe how one of Christ’s purposes and intentions for our lives is to provide healing for what we are going through. The cross, His death, and many defining moments in Christianity were because He wanted us to be healed and have peace. The pastor also used verses like Psalms 34:17-18 to describe how God has always been close to us, despite the negative feelings. It was refreshing, enlightening, and peaceful in more ways than I can ever express. 

Areas of Further Discussion and Exploration

Although the connection between our soul wounds & hurt and addiction was very enlightening, it may not have armed me with the tools I need to help other people close to me going through addiction. As a mother of three addicts, I find it difficult to get through to my children, mostly because the traumatic event affected all of us. I would like to help them the same way I was helped, but this is proving difficult. Although I resonated with many other members, it only helped us and not the people around us. I wish there was a way we could use that knowledge and induce the same feeling we got in the group to those we love; maybe that is why I am taking this class. 

Self-Reflection

In conclusion, my overall experience in the self-help group was very enlightening. There is something about having a safe space to share your feelings with people that genuinely understand that feel very safe. We did not feel judged or looked down upon as in many other instances in the past. The fact that our struggles resonated with each other and we were given hope through faith in Jesus went a long way. I expected just another Church meeting, but I got an epiphany, an inflection point in my life. 

Personal Philosophy Statement
As a nurse, I believe that every patient visits a health facility, helpless to meet qualified nurses in the hope that they will be well. Therefore, I desire to use the knowledge and skills that I have and will obtain to improve the health outcomes of patients.
My Perspective on Nursing metaparadigm
Health. Health comprises emotional, physical, social, and moral wellness. It is the ability of the body to fight illnesses and maintain wellness. Moreover, health is the ability of the body to maintain balance because a lack of balance interferes with normal body processes. I call it balance because, for example, when the blood pressure is high, it’s a problem, and when it is low, it’s not safe until it becomes normal. Health is critical in the life span of every person and determines their day-to-day activities. Nurses play the role of helping people gain their health and also live illness-free life.
Environment. It is the space in which people socialize and depend for their every day to day living. The environment comprises the people around us, beliefs, customs, norms, and societal expectations. The environment entails threats to health and sources of support for well-being through mutual relationships. The environment is like the air we breathe because a person cannot survive without the environment. Again he cannot live in separation or isolation.
Nursing. It is an academic field that equips nurses with the knowledge and skills to fight health threats. Nursing contains theoretical frameworks, beliefs, and values essential in practice. Nurses use their knowledge, skills, and clinical judgment s to deliver evidence-based services that improve patient outcomes. Nurses are like mothers because, as in a family, the whole family depends on the mother almost for everything, and usually, the mother has a tender and caring heart. Nurses also should know that the patients rely on them entirely for their health and, therefore, should practice a high level of care.
Person. A person is a living being with unique reasoning abilities and lives in the environment as a holistic being. A person possesses creativity, is self-responsible, and has characteristics that make them superior to all living things. Human beings should be respected, and the environment and their health should be taken care of to make them live healthy lives.
The Concepts and how they are Interrelated
A nurse should be able to use all the concepts of health, person, and environment to provide healing. Patient or human care is the most crucial aspect that helps nurses deliver their services. A nurse should treat patients respectfully and use their skills and knowledge to improve their health outcomes (Nikfarid, Hekmat, Vedad, & Rajabi, 2018). A person lives in an environment that includes friends, family, colleagues, norms, and beliefs, which all affect their health. All these concepts are connected; therefore, a nurse must master them to help the person fight all threats to health.
Examples from My Work That Captures My Philosophy
As a pediatric nurse, I was passionate about studying nursing courses relating to children because I love children and am always happy to interact with them. Although I have treated several children in the nursing practice, the best thing I enjoy is creating a relationship with the child and the parent, and I have seen this bear many fruits. I realized that when I have a good relationship with a patient, they can quickly disclose their struggles, even environmentally, which helps further care. Moreover, I have met many parents who did not have physical illnesses but were psychologically ill. This has enabled me to view health broadly. In such circumstances, I involve psychological professionals to help the patient, and it is always my joy to see them do well.
Furthermore, I have met parents who are drunk addicts and never care about their children. For the sake of the well-being of the mother and child, such cases are introduced to rehabilitation services if severe. Other recovery programs depending on the facility, are also practiced.
Nurse Theorist That Can Influence My Nursing Philosophy
I like the patient-centered theory by Faye Glenn Abdellah (Mehraee, Nazarpou, & Ghanbari, 2020). I believe her theory because nursing should concentrate on observing the patient’s needs and solving their problems. Health care should not be the nurse dominating and ignoring the patient’s voice. I believe that as a nurse, that Abdellah provided very applicable and simple practices in the nursing field. She covers the basic human needs of the patients.
Conclusively, my nursing philosophy focuses on using nursing knowledge and skills to promote patient healthcare outcomes. Moreover, all four nursing meta paradigms interrelate, and as a nurse, the main goal should be to provide human care. The environment comprises friends, family, social norms, beliefs, and expectations. Furthermore, a person is a holistic being with high reasoning abilities and should be respected. Health entails the harmony or balance of body functions, and illnesses interfere with that harmony. Nursing involves the provision of care to people. It also contains process and theoretical frameworks.

References
Mehraee, P., Nazarpou, P., & Ghanbari, A. (2020). Designing a Nursing Care Plan Based on Faye Glenn Abdellah Model in Patients with Diabetes Type 2.
Nikfarid, L., Hekmat, N., Vedad, A., & Rajabi, A. (2018). The main nursing metaparadigm concepts in human caring theory and Persian mysticism: a comparative study. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 11

 

 

Introduction
Team performance can be considered a combined output of individuals working together toward a common goal (Mathieu, 2019). Solving a widespread social issue is one of the goals that might result in forming a team. A group of social justice issue experts might be assembled to work on a challenge. The performance level of each team member will serve as the basis for the ultimate determination of expertise. The article will discuss three cases that demonstrate positive team performance engagement, including the Texas unity organization case study, the Southwest airline company, and the Whirlpool organization team engagement performance case. . The article will also discuss a sample study case that can result in poor performance. The case study will center on the Cambridge police station. The framework of Belbin of characteristics of team members will serve as the foundation for the examination and evaluation of team performance.
Belbin’s framework
Nine roles of a team form the basis of Belbin’s concept (Belbin). Some positions include resource evaluators, team members, plant coordinators, evaluators, shapers, integrators, specialists, and finishers (Mathieu, 2019). Every team should have a single member who performs a specific task per the duties described. Team members should lead, though, and take on various roles frequently. Each team member must play a specific position and be a team player. One key role in the group Texas unity was adhering to the community-organization-based roles. This was very important to every team member as it would improve performance. The organization’s team leader encouraged and ensured that all team members cooperated to reach the team’s goal. A team member should be flexible, courteous, and objective when negotiating. According to the key points of the framework of Belbin roles, a team member is impartial and may carry out a duty on the team’s behalf.
Team Performance Case Studies
Texas Unity’s Team
A team player is a team member who can conduct themselves, behave appropriately, and relate well to other group members, according to the framework of Belbin of the team trait role. They should be allowed to discuss any conversational topic proficiently and professionally while remaining objective in their viewpoints (Patrício, 2022). The team members of the Texas Unity were all team players, and they collaborated on various roles. This ensured that every team member was on the same page as others. The team members also developed and handled their strengths and discovered how to control their limitations by comprehending their various roles in the organization of Texas Unity. Every team member and person has both weaknesses and strengths, and according to how they are utilized, they can be used to be an advantage (Patrício, 2022). Because failure could bring the team’s goals to its knees, managing and controlling the weaknesses of every team member is essential. Belbin’s model advises that for a team to operate well, there should be an equilibrium balance. This necessitates a detailed breakdown of each member’s responsibilities (Hanifi, 2019). Texas Unity was unaffected by these situations, even though certain team members were unsupportive because of a lack of flexibility, an unclear understanding of a team aim, or a lack of knowledge to accomplish the team’s mission. The team’s effectiveness depends on how well each member understands their individual and collective roles. Although every team member was a key contributor to the team’s performance, it was not just due to their practical and persuasive communication of comprehension of the duties but to the overall awareness of each member’s responsibilities.
The leader of the team does the development of a team that is balanced. Assigning duties to team members based on their skills is the job of the leader of the team (Mathieu, 2019). A team leader may delegate a newly assigned task to someone they believe has the necessary skills if no other team member is ready to take on the obligation when it occurs. In the Texas organization, every member became aware of their duties and the duties of other members due to them having an organed leader. The team leader also worked as a resource detective. As an investigator resource detective at Texas Unity, the team leader was responsible for making new contacts, strengthening those that already existed, and informing members of what was expected of them following an analysis (Mathieu, 2019). A resource monitor investigator should also be outgoing and passionate about exploring new places. They interviewed individuals who wanted to make their way into the organization by asking them about the harm that drug use has caused to the neighborhood and how it may be lessened. This assisted in recruiting competent staff. The team members assisted the team leader in organizing peer discussions with the neighborhood.
Assessment of Whirlpool Team Performance
Whirlpool is a company operating in the real estate housing business. While the economy was in turmoil, Whirlpool was having trouble. Whirlpool’s profits were dropping, the real estate market was in horrible health, and the company’s stock price had plummeted (Mathieu, 2019). The company’s management was compelled to take a step back and consider implementing some radical steps, including cost-cutting where possible and reorganizing other departments to get through the challenging period (Buljac-Samardzic, 2020). Whirlpool’s team members and staff determined that it needed to take care of its concerns before it could manage the impending changes in Whirlpool to lead transformation and restructuring within the Whirlpool company successfully. It achieved this by taking a team-oriented approach to determining if it was operating at the peak of its abilities. The following initiatives were taken that helped bring the management team at Whirlpool back to its success. First, the team ensured that it shared the result’s accountability (Mathieu, 2020). Secondly, the team improved communication with various stakeholders through transparent and clear communication. Thirdly the team handled conflicts effectively and constructive debates among team members. Lastly, the team established mutual camaraderie and respect among the team members. These initiatives assisted them by increasing focus on the objectives of the transition, thereby increasing its success.
Southwest Airlines Performance Case Study
Southwest airline is an airline organization that has implemented effective strategies towards achieving positive team performance. Engagement of employees is a skill that Southwest Airlines has perfected. For the previous ten years, they have consistently received very high airline ratings (Mathieu, 2020). They have assembled a group of enthusiastic employees who are driven by their mission and brand and eager to help in any kind they can. Every employee that works for the company enjoys their workplace. One way they do this is by providing select employees control over various areas of their employment, such as creating their departmental uniforms and making decisions about their employment and careers. Customers have noticed this due to their staff members’ real joy and excitement at their employment, where they spend the vast majority of each day! The business team offers a platform on which people can continue to be inspired and innovate. The organization’s attitude toward making things interesting and exciting is demonstrated in the parody video of one flight crew rapping the safety instructions (Mathieu, 2019). It also demonstrates how much the company values its personnel. Kelleher Herb, the Executive manager of Southwest Airlines, made a valid point when he said that the company’s basis is based purely on understanding and respect between employees and that competitors rivals cannot match or imitate the degree of employee involvement that is unfolded in Southwest Airlines (Buljac-Samardzic, 2020).
Case Scenario of Cambridge Police Performance
One of the contributing factors was generating negative performance results, particularly on the operations programs, due to ineffective poor team performance. The primary causes of poor performance by the police department at Cambridge were examined with an emphasis on the investigative and visible components of policing, as well as the connection between the employee and the employer. The poor team performance mainly resulted from a lack of proper leadership management (Van Der Lippe, 2020). The revealed problem was with the management issues, including ineffective communication, a shortage of resources, adopting a system framework for performance evaluation, and failure to recognize members’ contributions to high performance. These factors had a detrimental impact on member morale, hindering overall general performance. As a result, the members missed motivation and management recognition (Van Der Lippe, 2020)
Comparison between positive performance engagement teams and Cambridge police station’s poor performance.
The three teams with positive engagement teams have very different comparisons that make them different in terms of the performance results they have achieved compared to Cambridge’s poor engagement team performance. In the three cases of positive team engagement, the team had a team leader and managers who effectively organized the overall team by clearly allocating the duties and responsibilities of each of their team members. The members of the three positive engagement teams also had clear knowledge and strategies on what and how to implement the strategies to achieve the targeted results. (Patrício, 2022). Employee motivation is another factor that the three performing engagement teams have demonstrated; this increased employee morale which is further reflected in increased performance. In comparison to the Cambridge police station, first, the team had a weak team leader, and therefore the team members lacked direction resulting in poor performance. Secondly, the team members had no morale; hence their productivity was below standards resulting in poor results. Additionally, the team management failed to tackle the team’s challenges, such as ineffective communication, shortage of resources, failure to adopt a system framework for performance evaluation, and the failure to recognize members’ contributions to high performance.
Conclusion
Team performance is the total output of individuals working together to achieve a common objective. Using the Belbin paradigm framework for team membership characteristics, team performance can be evaluated and examined. The Belbin framework model predicts that achieving balance will boost a team’s performance. This demands a thorough breakdown of the duties assigned to each team member (Semenets-Orlova et al., 2020). Each person has weaknesses and strengths, which, according to how they are handled, can be utilized to benefit or disadvantage team performance. The group leader may give a person with the required credentials a new task. It is crucial to carefully evaluate weaknesses and strengths because a process’s strength could be its weakness. The analysis may lead to new positions and roles for team members.

References
Buljac-Samardzic, M., Doekhie, K. D., & van Wijngaarden, J. D. (2020). Interventions to improve team effectiveness within health care: a systematic review of the past decade. Human resources for health, 18(1), 1-42.
Hanifi, D. A., Bronstein, N. D., Koscher, B. A., Nett, Z., Swabeck, J. K., Takano, K., … & Alivisatos, A. P. (2019). Redefining near-unity luminescence in quantum dots with photothermal threshold quantum yield. Science, 363(6432), 1199-1202.
Mathieu, J. E., Gallagher, P. T., Domingo, M. A., & Klock, E. A. (2019). Embracing complexity: Reviewing the past decade of team effectiveness research. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, pp. 6, 17–46.
Patrício, L., & Franco, M. (2022). A systematic literature review about team diversity and team performance: Future lines of investigation. Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 31.
Semenets-Orlova, I., Klochko, A., Tolubyak, V., Sebalo, L., & Rudina, M. (2020). Functional and role-playing positions in modern management teams: an educational institution case study.
Van Der Lippe, T., & Lippényi, Z. (2020). Co‐workers are working from home and individual and team performance. New technology, work and employment, 35(1), 60-79.