Part A.

1. Answer these questions regarding Research Ethics:

1. What groups or people are deemed “vulnerable populations”? What measures can be put in place to protect these groups?
2. What is the Belmont Report? It provides a framework with three ideas in mind. What are they? Why was the IRB created?

2. Morally evaluate the fact that involuntary sterilization is permitted in some states in the USA. Make sure to use moral theories or principles in your answer.

Part B

1. A patient presents at the hospital with signs and symptoms of pancreatic cancer. The prognosis is not good and radiation and chemotherapy treatment would cause additional discomfort and nausea to the patient. The patient elects to return home with only pain medication, forgoing any treatment. The patient is married and has young children.

1. When is it justifiable to force treatment on a patient who refuses?
2. Does this physician respect the autonomy of this patient?

2. The following clip was taken from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0AkJXI2Yxk (Henrietta Lacks Galerie Myrtis CBS Sunday Morning)

Henrietta Lack’s cells have been used for research for decades, though she did not provide consent for their use.  Please apply the principles of a) autonomy, b) beneficence, and c) utility to this scenario and describe if the researchers’ actions were ethical overall.

Part C

1.     Evaluate the following case a) using the moral principle of autonomy and b) critique the principle of autonomy (you can use an ethics of care perspective (p. 61-64); or shared decision making perspectives; or informed consent (chpt5); or the principle of beneficence; or paternalism). Then, c) provide an overall recommendation.

[DO NOT answer the ways you did in Exam 1. I want you to dig deeper.]

 “Harold Smith is a 27-year-old man who used to live a dangerous lifestyle. He liked nothing more than an extreme thrill, such as diving off a cliff into swirling water. He lived alone and had few friends. He worked as a guard for an armored vehicle company, a job he tolerated. He is close to his parents and would visit them frequently. They continually tried to get him to live a more standard, less dangerous lifestyle. He seemed to enjoy their prodding but simply smiled in response. He recently broke his neck in a diving accident. He was quickly brought to an emergency room and intubated because he could not breathe on his own. Within a few days, it became clear that he was permanently paralyzed from the neck down. Without a ventilator he would quickly die.

 Harold began to insist that his ventilator be removed, saying that he would rather be dead than live in a paralyzed state. His parents, however, instructed the health care team to not remove the ventilator. The attending physician understands Harold’s objections but believes there is a small but significant chance that Harold will soon become independent of the ventilator and that he will adjust to his situation and find a way to make a meaningful life for himself, as so many others have done before him. In short, his physicians think it best not to remove the ventilator until Harold has psychologically adjusted to his new condition. After three weeks, Harold continues to demand that his ventilator be removed” (Jones & Demarco, 2016).

2. Describe how two moral perspectives would decide whether physician-assisted suicide should be legal. In your answer, be sure to be explicit about how these two perspectives make their arguments. That is to say, what assumptions are they making, what moral theories or principles are they using, what evidence are they using in support of their positions?

Assignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries

Due Week 4 and worth 100 points

Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.

Topic Choices

• There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.      
• No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
• Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
• Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization’s decline?
• Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
• The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
• Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.

Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:

1. Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
2. After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
3. Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum) Note: Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations and a References list are required. Citations and references must follow APA style format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. (Note: Students can find APA style materials located in the course shell for guidance).
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. For our purposes, you may omit any abstract page.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

• Explain how key social, cultural, and artistic contributions contribute to historical changes.
• Explain the importance of situating a society’s cultural and artistic expressions within a historical context.
• Examine the influences of intellectual, religious, political, and socio-economic forces on social, cultural, and artistic expressions.
• Identify major historical developments in world cultures during the eras of antiquity to the Renaissance
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in the study of world cultures.
• Write clearly and concisely about world cultures using proper writing mechanics.