Please read and answer all questions in these case study.

For this week’s Assignment you will apply the theories, concepts and research that you have covered so far this term to hypothetical case studies. Your answers to the questions should consist of information from the text and supplemental readings.You also may use sources from the Kaplan Library or other credible Internet sources, but your primary sources should be : Miltenberger, R. G. (2016). Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures, 6th Edition. 

Read each Case Study and answer the questions below. You will need to write 2-3 typed pages for each case in order to address all required parts of the project.

Must be original work; plagiarism will not be tolerated. Please make sure to provide proper credit for those sources used in your case study analysis in proper APA format.  You must credit authors when you:

1. Summarize a concept, theory or research
2. Use direct quotes from the text or articles

Read Case Study 1: Marla’s fear of social situations

Marla is a 24-year-old woman who recently graduated from college and began a new job at an advertising firm. She suffers from extreme fear of social situations. In college, she avoided parties and large gatherings and tended to keep to herself. Now that she is working, it is becoming increasingly difficult for her to avoid social situations. Her boss and co-workers expect her to attend office functions and client parties as networking is a large part of the job. Marla is very artistic and creative and has already designed several successful ads for clients, but she is afraid that she will lose her job because of the difficulties she is experiencing socially.

Writea 2-3 page paper addressing the following:

Define the target behavior in Marla’s case study by writing a 1–2 sentence operational definition that meets all of the following criteria:

• observable
• passes the “Dead Man’s” test and the “stranger” test
• uses no labels or hypothetical constructs

Describe how respondent conditioning and operant conditioning are involved in the development of an anxiety problem or fear.

Identify the CS and CR in Marla’s case study.

Discuss the difference between systematic and in-vivo desensitization as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure.

Design a behavior modification procedure for Marlautilizing either systematic desensitization or in vivo desensitization. Provide rationale for your selection.

Include the following in your behavior modification procedure:

• a sample behavior hierarchy
• at least one relaxation procedure
• a description of how relaxation procedures and the behavior hierarchy are used together

In addition to the two desensitization procedures, your reading for this week covered two other ABA-based treatments that can be applied to assist clients with fear and anxiety. Identify these two treatments and describe how they could be implemented with Marla.

Read Case Study 2: Jon’s hair pulling

Jon is a 6-year-old boy, with normal intelligence, who has a hair-pulling habit. The hair pulling occurs most often during periods of inactivity, such as during TV watching, quiet time in school, or waiting in line with his parents.

Writea 2–3 page paper addressing the following:

Provide a 1–2 sentence operational definition for Jon’s target behavior. Write a 1–2 sentence operational definition that meets all of the following criteria:

• observable
• passes the “Dead Man’s” test and the “stranger” test
• uses no labels or hypothetical constructs

Determine whether Jon’s target behavior is a behavior excess or behavior deficit. Think of the risks of not intervening in Jon’s case and respond to the following:

• What are the short-term risks to Jon (in the next 3 months)?
• What are the long-term risks to Jon (in the next 6–12 months)?

Design a habit reversal procedure for Jon describing all four components of habit reversal and how they would be implemented.

Include the following in your habit reversal procedure:

• A specific competing response
• Describe how you could include the use of a differential reinforcement procedure

*Note: Your description of differential reinforcement should include how to implement at least one of the differential reinforcement procedures from your reading (e.g., DRA, DRO, DRI, or DRL).

Suppose that Jon had an intellectual disability. Explain how your habit reversal procedure might change to increase its effectiveness. Include one evidence-based procedure from your reading for this week.

1. Unit VI: Case Study

   Animal use in toxicity testing has long been a controversial issue; however, there can be benefits. Read “The Use of Animals in Research,” which is an article that can be retrieved from http://www.toxicology.org/pubs/docs/air/AIR_Final.pdf.

   Evaluate the current policies outlined in the Position Statement on page 5 of the article. Use the SOT Guiding Principles in the Use of Animals in Toxicology to guide you in your analysis. Feel free to use additional information and avenues of information, including the textbook, to critically analyze this policy.

   In addition, answer the following questions:

•   How do toxicologists determine which exposures may cause adverse health effects?

•   How does the information apply to what you are learning in the course?

•   What were the objectives of this toxicity testing?

•   What were the endpoints of this toxicity testing?

  Finally, include whether or not you agree with the Society of Toxicology’s position on animal testing.

  Your Case Study assignment should be three to four pages in length. Use APA style guidelines in writing this assignment, following APA rules for formatting, quoting, paraphrasing, citing, and referencing. 

Case study topics will be selected by the student and should focus on a media organization, event, technology, or controversy that corresponds to a theme from the textbook.

1) Keep in mind as you prepare your case study that you want to focus on a particular case related to the topic of a chapter from your text (e.g., Communication Policy, Radio, etc.).

2) For your case study, you can choose a media organization (e.g., Wikileaks, Apple); media event (e.g., AT&T’s merger with DirecTV); media controversy (e.g., Ashley Madison hacking scandal, Facebook redlining) media product; media policy (e.g., digital piracy, NSA surveillance, etc.)

Case studies are prepared in a variety of fields (communication, business, medicine, etc.), and they deal with issues that are remarkable or controversial in some manner. In other words, they need to have a “so what” factor.

3) Case studies are meant to provide information based on research and not mere opinion. Your goal is to give relevant information that provides context for the issue addressed, presents various angles or pros and cons on the case, and provokes discussion.

The layout for the case study is typically as follows:

A) Introductory paragraph including your topic (statement of purpose) and your thesis statement.

B) Paragraph discussing larger concept (i.e., if you’re writing about Instagram, you’ll want to give an overview of social media in general.)

C) Description of the actual case.

D) Link the case back to the larger idea (you’ve talked about Instagram and given an overview of social media; now it’s time to talk about how Instagram reflects larger trends in social media).

E) Conclude

The response paper should be in APA style. Avoid plural pronouns (“we,” “us,” “you”).