1. Define classical humanism and illustrate by discussing the construction and decoration of the buildings of the Athenian acropolis. In your answer, refer specifically to the classical orders and the Parthenon’s sculptural decoration.
2. Discuss the role of Christian monasticism in sustaining European civilization during the early Middle Ages. Refer specifically to monasticism’s contributions to the arts, learning, and education from the age of Charlemagne to Peter Abelard.
3. Define three essential elements of the baroque style in the arts and illustrate these elements with three detailed examples of baroque art. Choose your examples from two different artistic media (painting, music, architecture, sculpture, etc.).
4. Evaluate modernity as a shaping force in nineteenth-century Western civilization, noting both its positive and negative effects as reflected in the works of artists and thinkers of the industrial age.
