Conventionally, social scientists examine how parents create gender roles for children from birth through adolescence. Lawrence Ganong and Marilyn Coleman have found that children can also affect their parents’ gender roles. They administered the Bem Sex Role Inventory to 306 parents (153 couples) who had daughters only (N = 41), sons only (N = 41), or an equal number of sons and daughters (N = 71).

Fathers with sons had lower “femininity” scores than fathers with daughters only. Mothers with sons were significantly more “feminine” than those who only had daughters. These results do not support the “common sense” expectation that socializing daughters would have a feminizing effect on parents and that socializing sons would have a masculinizing effect.

Ganong and Coleman contend that parents become more sex-typed (that is, fathers become more masculine than feminine and mothers more feminine than masculine). Parents seem to respond to sons by becoming clearer role models of masculinity and femininity. Daughters, on the other hand, have no such effect because there is relatively less concern for teaching them a rigid gender role. The study supports yet another interactionist dimension to gender roles, that the child-parent relationship is mutually influential. See Lawrence Ganong and Marilyn Coleman, “Effects of Children on Parental Sex-Role Orientation,” Journal of Family Issues 8 (September 1987): 278–290.

Respond to the article above written by Jon Witt with 200 words and respond to two other students’ posts with 100 words each.  Do you agree or disagree? What does the text tell you about gender roles?

1. Identify 2 moments in each of the films that most resonated with you or made you feel most uncomfortable and why they had that effect on you?
2. Is there an inevitable trade-off where one group gains privilege at the expense of another or can reversing racial inequality benefit all people, including white people who have traditionally benefited from racism? What might that look like?
3. What could social workers do to help eliminate institutional racism in society?

This discussion is focused on a very important aspect of presenting research – the introduction and purpose statement. These two elements should advise the readers of your scholarly work what you intend to share with them, as well as the importance and context of your work. In your initial post, address the following:

• Discuss the importance of the introduction to a study.
• What is the deficiency model of an introduction? Discuss how using this model when writing the introduction to a study or proposal may set the stage for the reader.
• Discuss the importance of framing the study within existing literature when writing the introduction.
• Describe the elements that constitute a good qualitative purpose statement.
• Discuss the importance of addressing the variables in a quantitative purpose statement.

Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7.