JULIE WAYNE ONLY

Week 1: Philosophy of Science

Imagine that you are standing before the Grand Canyon. You want to photograph it, but you realize that one photo will not capture the expanse of what you see. You decide to take one shot, move slightly to one side, and take another photo, continuing this process numerous times. When you get home, you will take the many photos and connect them into one large panorama that represents what you saw.

The existing research in your field may seem immense, much like the Grand Canyon. Maybe you think that one photo, even a combination of photos, doesn’t come close to capturing the experience that lies ahead. However, your initial idea of combining photos to create a panorama is an excellent first step because you have created a framework from which to work, much like you will do when developing a research mindset, which begins with knowledge of the philosophy of science.

This week, you familiarize yourself with various philosophical orientations, including their underlying epistemological and ontological assumptions, to gain an understanding of the role of the philosophy of science in the research process.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Describe topic of personal research interest
• Explain epistemological and ontological assumptions of philosophical orientations
• Explain relationship between epistemological and ontological assumptions and research approaches
• Apply APA Style to writing

Discussion: Philosophy of Science

How does the lens from which you view the world shape your approach to research inquiry? Why is it important as a scholar-practitioner engaged in research to acknowledge your worldview?

The Learning Resources in this first week will help you answer these questions, and they will provide you with a foundation in the philosophy of science that will help you appreciate various research designs and methods. With this foundation, you will be encouraged to reflect on how your assumptions about the acquisition of truth and the nature of the world influence your approach to the research process.

For this Discussion, you will identify an area of interest for a possible research topic. As you read about the different philosophical orientations in this week’s readings, consider if one of these orientations most closely aligns with your worldview and a particular approach to research.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 4

Post a brief description of your topic of research interest. Next, state the philosophical orientation that reflects your worldview and explain the epistemological and ontological assumptions of this orientation. Then, explain how these assumptions lend themselves to one or more research approaches.

Be sure to support your Main Issue Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.

Read a selection of your classmates’ postings.

1. Achieving a competitive advantage is often very challenging. There are many specific approaches available to companies. For example, uniform pricing strategy can become difficult to achieve whenever different taxes, trade margins and customs duties are involved. Yet, when firms that start out with identical prices in various countries soon find that prices have to change to stay in line with often large currency fluctuations. Although it is becoming increasingly clear that market-by-market pricing strategies will cause difficulties, many firms have found that changing to a uniform pricing policy is rather like pursuing a moving target. To better prepare for this, companies consider modified uniform pricing by carefully monitoring price levels in each country and avoiding large gaps that encourage the marketers to move in and take advantage of large price differentials.

2. In general, if anticipated marketing goals are to be achieved, a product must be made accessible to the target market at an affordable price. In many markets, the biggest constraint to successful marketing is distribution. Getting the product to the target can be a costly process if inadequacies within the distribution structure cannot be overcome. Forging an aggressive and reliable channel of distribution may be the most critical and challenging task facing the global marketer.