Explain in detail why are vehicle searches different from other searches by the police? How does a vehicle search differ from a search upon arrest?

Bluebook format

250 words

A thorough discussion of the use of force to accomplish the criminal act of rape may be found in Commonwealth v. Berkowitz, 641 A.2d 1161 (Pa. 1994).

Defendant was convicted of rape after being involved in an alleged acquaintance rape situation in a college dorm room. Defendant appealed his conviction. The appellate court reversed the defendant’s conviction, and the Pennsylvania Supreme Court affirmed the reversal of defendant’s conviction. Jurisdictions require one of two standards in showing a use of force:

1. Force requiring some act in addition to the physical effort required to accomplish the sexual penetration; or

2. Simply that amount of effort required to accomplish the nonconsensual sexual penetration.

Defendant was convicted using the latter standard, but the appellate courts believed that the Pennsylvania statute required the former standard.

Please discuss the following:

1. Which of these two standards do you think is a proper “test” for courts to use when determining if a rape occurred?

2. Do you think that the court in this case made the proper determination and why?

The case may be found at this link:

https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6798395130523438738&q=641+A.2d+1161&hl=en&as_sdt=80006&as_vis=1 400 words

blue book format

Cleveland Bar Assn. v Pearlman, 106 Ohio St. 3D 136, 832 N.E. 2d 1193 (2005). Use lexis nexis for your research. I need a title page with a heading reading “case brief”. Title of the page should read LSTD210 Legal ethics, also include student #, type instructor on it. It needs to be times new roman 12 point font, double spaced, include page numbers as well. Use lexis nexis law library only for this case. It needs to be 2 pages in length, not including the title page. I need to submit it May 25 by midnight. Use bluebook citations.