Discuss the innate and adaptive immune responses, including the roles of neutrophils, monocyte, macrophages, antigen, antibody, and B and T-cell mediated responses,  that you will need to overcome along with their attributes to establish the infections and the type of immunodeficiency you will be benefited by.

200 words

Instructions  Prepare an outline of the final Project that you will submit for Unit 9.  The outline must contain the following: 1. Title of the paper 2. Reason why you chose this pathogen 3. Three (3) main ideas/points that will be discussed (you must include importance of plasmids in bacterial genetics and in genetic engineering) Requirements  The paper you submit must be your own work.  The viewpoint and purpose of this Assignment should be clearly established and sustained.  Assignment should follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.).  Your writing should be well ordered, logical and unified, as well as original and insightful.  Your work should display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics.  Use the APA style 6 for all citations.  More details can be found in the GEL 

 

Exercise1-Disinfectants

 

1.   Whatdoesbactericidalmean?Bacteriostatic?Virucidal?Fungistatic?

 

2.   Whyarecontrolculturesnecessaryinevaluatingdisinfectants?

 

3.   Whatfactorscaninfluencetheactivityofadisinfectant?

 

4.   Whydomicroorganismsdifferintheirresponsetodisinfectants?

 

5.   Whatmicroorganismsaremostsusceptibleto disinfectants?

EXERCISE2-AntimicrobialAgentSusceptibilityTestingand Resistance

 

1.   Whatismeantbyantimicrobialresistance?Susceptibility?

 

2.   Whyarepureculturesusedforantimicrobialsusceptibilitytesting?

 

3.   Woulditbeacceptabletouseamixedcultureforthistest?Why?

 

4.   Listthreefactorsthatcaninfluencetheaccuracyofthetest.

 

5.   Whenperformingabrothdilutiontest,whyis itnecessaryto includea growthcontroltube?

 

Asterilitycontroltube?

 

EXERCISE3-TheEnterobacteriaceae(EntericBacilli)

 

 

1.   Whatdoestheterm IMViCmean?

 

2.   Whyis theIMViCusefulinidentifyingEnterobacteriaceae?Arefurtherbiochemicaltests necessaryforcompleteidentification?

 

3.   WhatdiagnostictestdifferentiatesProteusandProvidenciaspeciesfrom other

Enterobacteriaceae?

 

4.   HowisE.colidistinguishedfrom P. vulgarisonMacConkeyagar?OnaTSIslant?

 

5.   Whyisitimportanttodifferentiateglucosenonfermentersfrom Enterobacteriaceae?

EXERCISE4–Streptococci,Pneumococci,and Enterococci

 

1.   Differentiatethemicroscopicmorphologyofstreptococciandpneumococciasseenby

 

Gramstain.

 

2.   Whattypeof hemolysisis producedbyS. pneumoniae?

 

3.   HowisS.pneumoniaedistinguishedfrom otherstreptococciwiththesamehemolytic properties?

 

4.   Describethehemolysisproducedbyalpha-hemolytic,beta-hemolytic,andnonhemolyticstreptococci.

 

5.   Whattypeofhemolysisis displayedbythegroupablestreptococcithataremostpathogenicforhumanbeings?

 

EXERCISE5-UrineCultureTechniques

 

1.   Whatis bacteriuria?Whenis itsignificant?

 

2.   Howdomicroorganismsentertheurinarytract?

 

3.   Whyisasepticurinecollectionimportantwhenculturesareordered?

 

4.   Listfivebacteriathatcancauseurinarytractinfection.

 

5.   Ifyoucounted20 coloniesfrom a0.01-mlinoculumofa1:10dilutionofurine,howmany organismspermilliliterof specimenwouldyoureport?Isthisnumbersignificant?

 

 

 

Week10ReviewSheet II

 

EXERCISE1-SerodiagnosisofInfectiousDisease

 

1.   Defineserumtiter.

 

2.   Whatareacuteandconvalescentsera?Whymustbothbetestedtomakeaserological diagnosisof infectiousdisease?

 

3.   Whatis thedifferencebetweenanagglutinationtestanda precipitationtest?

 

4.   Ina pairedserumsample,whattestresultsindicaterecentinfection?

 

5.   Whatis ahumoralantibody?

 

EXERCISE2-CulturingMicroorganismsfromtheEnvironment

 

1.   Whydomicrobiologistswearlaboratorycoats?Didyouconfirmthatthisisnecessary?

 

2.   Whyisitnecessarytowearclean,protectiveclothingwhencaringforapatient?

 

3.   Whyshouldhairbekeptcleanandoutofthewaywhencaringforpatients?

 

4.   Howcanthenumberofmicroorganismsintheenvironmentbecontrolled?

 

5.   Whenandwhyis handwashingimportantinpatientcare?

 

6.   Howcanthosewhocareforpatientsavoidspreadingmicroorganismsamongthem?

 

EXERCISE3-Staphylococci

 

1.   Differentiatethemicroscopicmorphologyofstaphylococciandstreptococciasseenby

Gramstain.

 

2.   Whatarethetwotypesofstaphylococcalcoagulase?

 

3.   Whatis proteinA?Describeonemethodofdetectingit.

 

4.   Whatpropertiesof S.aureusdistinguishitfrom S.epidermidisandS.saprophyticus?

 

5.   Whyarestaphylococcalinfectionsfrequentamonghospitalpatients?